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In 5 Girls, Maria Finitzo filmed a teen party where Lauryn Hill song played in the background.

She employed fair use because the girls chose for themselves to use that music, and their choices were part of the reality of their daily lives.

In the demo version of Kartemquin Films' series on the lives of new U.S. immigrants, The New Americans, Israel Nwidor whistled along with a George Strait song. The Filmmakers claimed fair use.

Kartemquin invoked fair use because Israel spontaneously chose the music and whistled in a scene whose purpose was to show his daily life as a new immigrant. The filmmakers did not use the music as a soundtrack element.

When Jed Riffe examined an archeological controversy in Who Owns the Past?, he quoted magazines and a 60 Minutes program in reference to the historical moment of discovery of ancient remains.

He employed fair use because these quotes illustrated the reaction of the press at that historical moment.

In Money for Nothing, Kembrew McLeod argued that popular music stars were being chosen for their ability to cross-promote their work.

McLeod claimed fair use for advertisements, album covers and television programming because he was making a critique of the media products themselves, as examples of a cultural trend.

The Nova documentary "Cracking the Code of Life," about the search for the human genome sequence, quoted the film Gattaca.

The clip was included under fair use because the film illustrated popular attitudes toward the application of this scientific knowledge.